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Kocaeli University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Kocaeli/TUKEY Glaucoma is a multifactorial, age-related, neurodegenerative ocular disease characterized by progressive degeneration of retinal ganglion cells and irreversible loss of visual field leading to blindness. Up to now, intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction is the only treatment modality by which ophthalmologists attempt to control disease progression. However, not all patients benefit from this therapy. There is a consensus among glaucoma researchers that controlling IOP with drops and surgery will simply never be adequate to deal with the underlying causes of the disease. In the light of recent developments in the fields of neurobiology, genetics and nanotechnology points. Future strategies for treatment of glaucoma must therefore take into account not only the lowering of IOP, either therapeutically or surgically, but also the multi-faced therapeutic action. Keywords : Glaucoma, medical treatment, intraocular pressure, neuroprotection